[15] They are mentioned in Alfred's will, which probably dates to the 880s. A few months later, the leading men of Danish-ruled York offered to pledge their loyalty to Æthelflæd, probably to secure her support against Norse raiders from Ireland, but she died on 12 June 918, before she could take advantage of the offer. Æthelflæd took advantage of a tradition that granted women in Mercia greater rights. Æthelflæd was succeeded by her daughter Ælfwynn, but in December Edward took personal control of Mercia and carried Ælfwynn off to Wessex. Tim Clarkson's biography has a detailed discussion of Æthelflæd' burhs. Please enter your number below. She is mentioned in Alfred’s will, where he leaves her an estate plus 100 pounds, while her husband is bequeathed a precious sword. She was the eldest daughter of Alfred the Great, king of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex, and his wife Ealhswith. [60] No charters of Edward survive for the period between 910 and his death in 924,[61] whereas two survive in Æthelflæd's sole name, S 224, possibly dating to 914 and S 225, dated 9 September 915, issued at Weardbyrig, one of the burhs she built at an unidentified location. Three Viking kings were reported to have been killed, and as a result, the image of Æthelflæd, warrior queen, bearing three royal swords was born. The next year she secured Leicester, and from there made her way towards the prestigious Viking-held city of York. Aldhelm (The Last Kingdom) (21) Hild (The Last Kingdom) (18) Include Relationships Aethelflaed Lady of Mercia/Erik Thurgilson (38) Aethelflaed Lady of Mercia/Uhtred of Bebbanburg (17) Aethelflaed Lady of Mercia/Aldhelm (The Last Kingdom) (10) Finan (The Last Kingdom)/Original Character(s) (5) Finan/Uhtred of Bebbanburg (4) [5] Alfred died in 899 and Edward's claim to the throne was disputed by Æthelwold, son of Alfred's elder brother. Her parents were married in AD 868 and she is thought to have been their first-born child. Instead, it was the battle of Tettenhall (in modern-day Wolverhampton) eight years earlier in 910 that secured her image as victorious warrior queen. Références They granted the church of Worcester a half share of the rights of lordship over the city, covering land rents and the proceeds of justice, and in return the cathedral community agreed in perpetuity to dedicate a psalm to them three times a day and a mass and thirty psalms every Saturday. It did not suffer major attacks and it did not come under great pressure from Wessex. [46] In 910 the Danes retaliated against the English attack of the previous year by invading Mercia, raiding as far as Bridgnorth in Shropshire. About Tomatometer. The time at which she came screaming into the world was one of turmoil. [56] In the Three Fragments, Æthelflæd also formed a defensive alliance with the Scots and the Strathclyde British, a claim accepted by Clarkson. They returned with the remains of the royal Northumbrian saint, Oswald, which were translated to the new Gloucester minster. He records that she declined to have sex after bearing a daughter because it was “unbecoming of the daughter of a king to give way to a delight which, after a time, produced such painful consequences”. The only recorded event took place in 916, when she sent an expedition to avenge the murder of a Mercian abbot and his companions; her men destroyed the royal crannog of Brycheiniog on Llangorse Lake and captured the queen and thirty-three of her companions. No similar offer is known to have been made to Edward. In the 890s, Æthelred and Edward, Alfred's son and future successor, fought off more Viking attacks. In January 878 Viking invaders swooped down on the palace at Chippenham in Wiltshire where Alfred and his family were staying. Æthelflæd apparaît dans les Histoires saxonnes de Bernard Cornwell, série de romans historiques se déroulant sous le règne d'Alfred le Grand, ainsi que dans la série télévisée The Last Kingdom qui en est adaptée. Soon afterwards the English-controlled western half of Mercia came under the rule of Æthelred, Lord of the Mercians, who accepted Alfred's overlordship. (Image by Carnival/adrienn szabo/Netflix) When this failed they applied to Æthelflæd, her husband being ill, for permission to settle near Chester. [82], In June 2018, Æthelflæd's funeral was re-enacted in front of a crowd of 10,000 people in Gloucester, as part of a series of living history events marking the 1,100th anniversary of her death. Æthelflæd agreed and for some time they were peaceful. She invested in church buildings throughout Mercia, particularly in Gloucester, which she transformed from a derelict backwater to a vibrant town. [75] Alex Woolf concurs[76] and Pauline Stafford describes Æthelflæd as "the last Mercian queen", referred to in charters in such terms as "by the gift of Christ's mercy ruling the government of the Mercians". [34] Simon Ward, who excavated an Anglo-Saxon site in Chester, sees the later prosperity of the town as owing much to the planning of Æthelflæd and Edward. The Last Kingdom is a British historical fiction television series based on Bernard Cornwell's The Saxon Stories series of novels. The official website for BBC History Magazine, BBC History Revealed and BBC World Histories Magazine, Save over 50% on a BBC History Magazine or BBC History Revealed gift subscription, She is a medieval marvel, but – as the daughter of Alfred the Great, and ultimately succeeded by her nephew Æthelstan – Æthelflæd has been overshadowed by the men in her life. She was developing a name as a keen diplomat, an engaged ruler and a military strategist. [51], Æthelflæd had already fortified an unknown location called Bremesburh in 910 and in 912 she built defences at Bridgnorth to cover a crossing of the River Severn. Instead, records report that she was signing diplomatic documents and presiding over provincial courts in place of Æthelred. It is telling that, rather than hand the kingdom to a male heir or succumb to Wessex, the ealdormen of Mercia chose Æthelflæd as their leader. In 915 Chirbury was fortified to guard a route from Wales and Runcorn on the River Mersey. In the mid-880s, Alfred sealed the strategic alliance between the surviving English kingdoms by marrying Æthelflæd to Æthelred. After her death, west Mercian coin reverses were again the same as those on coins produced in Wessex. Eldest child of King Alfred of Wessex, Aethelflaed was cherished by her father and received an education normally reserved for a royal son. To the West Saxon version of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Æthelflæd was merely King Edward's sister, whereas for the Mercian Register she was Lady of the Mercians. Æthelflæd was born around 870 at the height of the Viking invasions of England. [a] Information about Æthelflæd's career is also preserved in the Irish chronicle known as the Three Fragments. Æthelflæd witnessed charters of Æthelred in 888, 889 and 896. Alfred adopted the title King of the English, claiming to rule all English people not living in areas under Viking control. Edward did not conquer the Viking Kingdom of York in southern Northumbria. As well as being a formidable warrior, Æthelflæd was also a shrewd ruler who set about extending the work of her father, Alfred, by strengthening his fortifications at Tamworth, Stafford and Warwick. She ensured her daughter, Ælfwynn, would succeed her, but also fostered her brother’s son, who would become the great unifier of England, King Æthelstan. Daughter of the king of Wessex and his wife (a Mercian noble, possibly royal, woman), Æthelflæd was a precious commodity. But there is one warrior woman who is less celebrated. Derby was the first to fall to the English; she lost "four of her thegns who were dear to her" in the battle. Æthelflæd, Lady of the Mercians (c. 870 – 12 June 918) ruled Mercia in the English Midlands from 911 until her death. You have successfully linked your account! Marios Costambeys dates Æthelflæd's birth to the early 870s. [67] Edward died in 924 at Farndon in Cheshire a few days after putting down a rebellion by Mercians and Welshmen at Chester.[68]. While other kingdoms were ravaged by Viking incursions in the ninth century, parts of Mercia, like Worcester, remained strong and affluent. In Mercia, Alfred's sister Æthelswith had been the wife of King Burgred of Mercia; she had witnessed charters as queen and had made grants jointly with her husband and in her own name. She is an actress, known for The Last Kingdom (2015), Jerks (2017) and Die Vaterlosen (2011). Edward had succeeded as King of the Anglo-Saxons in 899, and in 909 he sent a West Saxon and Mercian force to raid the northern Danelaw. Most historians believe that Æthelred was incapacitated in his last years. [3] The situation was transformed the following year when Alfred won a decisive victory over the Danes at the Battle of Edington. Æthelred and Æthelflæd fortified Worcester, gave generous donations to Mercian churches and built a new minster in Gloucester. [13] Many Mercians disliked the subordination of their ancient kingdom to Wessex, and Wainwright describes the Mercian annalist's description of the deposition of Ælfwynn as "heavy with resentment". If you subscribe to BBC History Magazine Print or Digital Editions then you can unlock 10 years’ worth of archived history material fully searchable by Topic, Location, Period and Person. However, she maintained a celebrated reputation – particularly, and surprisingly, under the Normans – with chroniclers going out of their way to laud her military achievements. The most famous are Boudicca, her chariot complete with spiked wheels, and the armoured teenager, Joan of Arc. [12] Ian Walker suggests that Æthelflæd accepted this loss of territory in return for recognition by her brother of her position in Mercia. She is one of the few known women who not only held a role within the household as mother and lady – and within the court, as daughter and wife to kings – but also wielded power on the battlefield. Theirs was an entirely political union, designed to strengthen the two kingdoms against Danish and Norwegian incursions in the north. Æthelflæd was not content to be simply a bearer of heirs. Through the course of Season 4, he stands by her bringing her victories and men when she needs them the most The Register covers the years 902 to 924, and focuses on Æthelflæd's actions; Edward is hardly mentioned and her husband only twice, on his death and as father of their daughter. When Æthelred died in 911, his wife was declared ‘Lady of the Mercians’ and took over control of the kingdom. William of Malmesbury wrote that their burial places were found in the south porticus during building works in the early twelfth century. “Aethel” means “noble” but the meaning of “flaed”, again according to Arman, is unclear but “could mea… If King Alfred was great, was Æthelstan even greater? [42][43] Heighway and Michael Hare wrote: In the age when English scholarship and religion reached their lowest ebb, Mercia and in particular the lower Severn valley seem to have maintained traditional standards of learning. Nothing is known of Aethelflaed’s youth and she only enters the pages of history at the age of 15 or 16 when she was married to Aethelred. [33] Æthelflæd re-founded Chester as a burh and she is believed to have enhanced its Roman defences by running walls from the north-west and south-east corners of the fort to the River Dee. By this time she is married to Æthelred of Mercia.

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